![box and whisker plot with outliers box and whisker plot with outliers](https://www.cardinalpath.com/wp-content/uploads/BoxPlot.png)
#Box and whisker plot with outliers archive#
For example, the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR), 1 PhysioNet ( the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies (MASS), 2 and even consumer-facing efforts are underway. Large sleep-related datasets are increasingly available for public analysis. Polysomnography (PSG) offers a wealth of physiological information, informing clinical decision-making and clinical research. Awareness of the strengths, as well as caution regarding the limitations, will maximize the productive use of big data analytics in sleep medicine. The increasing availability of clinical databases for large-scale analytics holds important promise in sleep medicine, especially as it becomes increasingly important to demonstrate the utility of clinical testing methods in management of sleep disorders. Inferential pitfalls are discussed using the current dataset and case examples from the literature.
![box and whisker plot with outliers box and whisker plot with outliers](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9496865/32937494-baab4626-cbc8-11e7-8660-f4a85ed7254b.jpg)
Phenotyping methods based on clinical databases are discussed for sleep architecture, sleep apnea, and insomnia. Different visualization methods are shown for common variables to explore population distributions.
![box and whisker plot with outliers box and whisker plot with outliers](https://www.excel-easy.com/examples/images/box-whisker-plot/box-whisker-plot.png)
Objective findings of sleep apnea and periodic limb movements were common, with 51% having an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) >5 per hour and 25% having a leg movement index >15 per hour. Of 41 continuous variables, including clinical and PSG derived, none passed testing for normality. Standard clinical metrics routinely reported on objective data were analyzed for basic properties (missing values, distributions), pairwise correlations, and descriptive phenotyping. Self-reported symptoms overlapped markedly between the two most common categories, insomnia and sleep apnea, with the majority reporting symptoms of both disorders. We performed retrospective analysis of self-reported and objective PSG data from adults who underwent overnight PSG (diagnostic tests, n=1835). We explore the uses and potential pitfalls of clinical data mining of PSG using statistical principles and analysis of clinical data from our sleep center. The n-values for each category: hallucinations alone =77 hallucinations and cataplexy =11 cataplexy alone =82 hallucinations and sleep paralysis =21 hallucinations and cataplexy and sleep paralysis =17 cataplexy and sleep paralysis =30 sleep paralysis alone =59.Ĭlinical polysomnography (PSG) databases are a rich resource in the era of “big data” analytics. ( B) Venn diagram of narcolepsy symptoms: peri-sleep hallucinations (dashed line, blue fill), sleep paralysis (dotted line, red fill), and cataplexy (solid line, yellow fill). The n-values (sample sizes) for each category: uncomfortable sensation alone =94 uncomfortable and better with movement =72 better with movement alone =26 better with movement and worse at night =33 uncomfortable and better with movement and worse at night =90 worse at night alone =42 uncomfortable and worse at night =49. Notes: ( A) Venn diagram of symptoms related to restless legs: uncomfortable sensation in the legs (solid line, blue fill), better with movement (w/mov’t) (dotted line, red fill), and worse at night (dashed line, yellow fill). The n-values for each category: onset only =148 onset and maintenance =331 maintenance only =521 maintenance and listing insomnia as the reason for PSG =121 listing insomnia as the reason for PSG but no other symptoms were indicated =10 onset and maintenance insomnia and listing insomnia as the reason for PSG =288 onset and listing insomnia as the reason for PSG =38.įigure S2: Overlap of symptoms associated with restless legs and with narcolepsy. ( B) Venn diagram of insomnia symptoms: onset (dashed line, blue fill), maintenance (solid line, yellow fill), and listing insomnia as the reason for PSG (dotted line, red fill). The n-value (sample size) for each category: snoring only =656 snoring and witnessed apnea =337 gasping and snoring and witnessed apnea =166 snoring and gasping =70 gasping only =34 witnessed apnea and gasping =13 witnessed apnea only =61. Notes: ( A) Venn diagram of symptoms related to sleep apnea: snoring (solid line, blue fill), gasping arousals (dashed line, red fill), and witnessed apnea (dotted line, yellow fill). Figure S1: Overlap of symptoms associated with sleep apnea and insomnia.